ABSTRACT
There is very little information about the mosquito fauna of Qom Province, central Iran. By now only three species; Anopheles claviger, An. multicolor, and An. Superpictus have been reported in the province. To study mosquito fauna and providing a primary checklist, an investigation was carried out on a collection of mosquitoes in this province. To study the mosquito [Diptera: Culicidae] fauna, larval collections were carried out from different habitats on 19 occasions using the standard dipping technique during spring and summer 2008 and 2009. In total, 371 mosquito larvae were collected and morphologically identified including 14 species representing four genera: Anopheles claviger, An. marteri, An. turkhudi, An. superpictus, Culex arbieeni, Cx. hortensis, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. territans, Cx. theileri, Culiseta longiareolata, Cs. subochrea, and Ochlerotatus caspius s.l. All species except for An. Claviger and An. Superpictus were collected for the first time in the province. All larvae were found in natural habitats. The association occasions and percentages of the mosquito larvae in Qom Province were discussed. There are some potential or proven vectors of different human and domesticated animal pathogens in Qom Province. The ecology of these species and the unstudied areas of Qom Province need to be investigated extensively
ABSTRACT
Nowadays pediculusis [Head-louse infestation] is one of the dermal infections with a Global distribution, and is prevalent worldwide. Head-louse infestation is highly common in collective centers such as schools, garrisons and champuses; in schools, specially in feminine elementary schools which is dramatically high. The current study has been conducted to determine the prevalence of Head-louse and to assess the epidemiologic features of the disease. This descriptive cross-sectional study was done over 1725 feminine elementary students from 75 schools in rural counties and total urban districts of Qom province by a multi stage random sampling. Data collection was done by questionnaires and physical exams of the hair. Analysis was done by Chi-square and Multivariate logistic regression model test. [Significant level with p<0.05 objected]. 131 of 1725 survived students, were infected by pediculusis. [7.6%]. The statistical meaningful relation was observed between the habitat, father's job and literacy, mothers literacy, family size, students grade, bath in home, bath times, daily comb, record of infestation in years ago, hygiene corrector in school, access or no access to primary health care and pediculusis [p<0.05 objected]. But no meaningful relation was detected between mother's job, head hairs length, type of school, residing status [private, rental and other site] and the prevalence of Pediculusis. Pediculusis is still a health burden in societies with low health and life standards. The high prevalence of pediculusis among students in the majority of schools in Qom province is attributable to inadequate access to health educator and sanitation facilities and inattention to personal health and related factors else
ABSTRACT
The aims of this study was to analysis the current situation of malaria and to find the distribution of anopheline mosquitoes, as probable vectors of the disease, in Qom Province, central Iran. This study was carried out in two parts. First stage was data collection about malaria cases using recorded documents of patients in the Province health center, during 2001-2008. The second stage was entomological survey conducted by mosquito larval collection method in 4 villages with different geographical positions in 2008. Data were analyzed using Excel software. Of 4456 blood slides, 10.9% out were positive. Most of cases were imported from other countries [90.4%], mainly from Afghanistan [56.5%] and Pakistan [16.3%]. Slide positive rate showed a maximum of 16.9% and a minimum of 2.9% in 2008 and 2007, respectively. Plasmodium vivax was causative agent of 93.75% of cases, followed by P. falciparum [6.25%]. More than 15 years old age group contained the most malaria reported cases [66.7%]. Two Anopheles species, An. superpictus and An. claviger were collected and identified. This is the first report of Anopheles claviger in Qom Province. Malaria is in the control stage in Qom Province. The rate of local transmission is very low [only 1 case], shows Anopheles superpictus, as the main malaria vector of central part of Iran, can play its role in malaria transmission in the area
ABSTRACT
Hydrogen peroxide solution with stabilized formulation with oligodynamic amounts of silver ion [trade mark: Nanosil] recently became a popular disinfectant for fruits, vegetables, surfaces, medical instruments and so on. This study was based on determining efficiency of hydrogen peroxide-silver ion complex in six different concentrations measured through removal of total coli forms from samples taken from Qom wastewater. All six different concentrations of disinfectant were incubated separately with wastewater for one hour. Sample size was 12 and sampling was done weekly. In the concentration of 80 and 480 mg/1, logarithmic removal value of total coli forms was 1.9 and 4.5 respectively. In CT value 8600 [mg/l].min and more, the total coli forms effluent standard for surface water discharge and agriculture irrigation was achieved [Iranian environmental protection agency act]. Use of hydrogen peroxide-silver ion complex as a water and wastewater disinfectant, has some benefits such as elimination of hazardous by products, measurable residual amount and so on. However its application in wastewater effluent is more costly than other usual disinfectants so it is not economically advisable